Main Features And Characteristics Information Technology Essay

Main Features And Characteristics Information Technology Essay Over the past 50 years, the construction industry has witnessed exciting breakthroughs such as the advent of Critical Path Method scheduling, the introduction of Computer Aided Design and Drafting (CADD), the acceptance of integrated project delivery systems and the application of Alternate Dispute Resolution (ADR). In addition, the construction industry has also been impacted with two powerful global developments; the internet, revolutionising the communications infrastructure and also environmental awareness which focuses on the commitment to sustainability and lifecycle solutions (Bakhtar McDonough 2008). We are now approaching a virtual reality to create intelligent, integrated 3D models of construction projects allowing stakeholders to visualise and analyse the completed project before it is built. By implementing BIM, Risk is reduced, design intent is maintained, quality control is streamlined, communication is clearer and higher analytic tools are more accessible (Australian Institute of Architects 2005). It is BIM which also enhances collaboration through interaction of different stakeholders which can be used for stimulation, structural design, cost estimating, scheduling, fabrication, erection and facilities management (Bakhtar McDonough 2008). As the industry begins to integrate BIM in practice, it is likely to bring about change in work practice, project development approach and emergence of new roles and relationships, both at technical and management levels (Brankovic et al. 2007). Despite the apparent benefits the adoption of BIM in practice, the uptake has been slow. Workshops with industry focus groups have been conducted to identify the industry needs, concerns and expectations from participants who had implemented BIM or were BIM ready. Factors inhibiting BIM adoption include lack of training, low business incentives, perception of lack of rewards, technological concerns, contractual matters and resistance to changing current work practice. Successful BIM usage depends on collective adoption of BIM across the different disciplines and requires the support of the client (Brankovic 2008). So is Building Information Modelling (BIM) the real deal? Some say its a matter of when, not if, industry adopts BIM universally and increasingly, public-and private sector developments are calling for its use on large projects. Can they afford not to? (Hyslop 2010). 2.0 Main Features Characteristics BIM involves computerised design software tools that help create a model that reflects all of the building components geometric and functional qualities. The general contractor and trade subcontractors provide product-specific information for building components and that data is inputted into the model, including performance specifications, connection details and cost data. However, the model is more than a mere representation of the design in a three-dimensional computer graphic but rather, embedded within the design programs which feature rules that define which of the components relation to the other components (Pohl Short 2010). In order to be classified as true BIM, all information related to the building, including its physical and functional characteristics and project life cycle information should be held in a series of Smart or Intelligent objects. For instance, an air conditioning unit within a BIM model would contain the data about its supplier, flow rates, maintenance procedures, lead in times and clearance requirements (Scuderi 2007). In essence, BIM is a variation of the traditional construction project model in terms of technology and process. In a traditional project, design documents flow down from the architect, through the owner, to the contractor and then from the contractor to subcontractors, suppliers and fabricators. This downward flow of design documents and design information defines and reinforces the distinct roles, responsibilities and liabilities of the designer and contractor (Crandall Katz 2010). BIM, however, changes the traditional model through the use of advanced technology to edit the design documents and allows designers to attach specific information to each object of a project. Any changes in the BIM model automatically changes all relevant information attached to the particular object which saves design time and avoids potential design errors that occur (Katz Crandall, 2010). BIM is particularly useful for identifying potential construction conflicts (clash detection) at the design stage, and quantifying the materials required for construction. In theory, assuming that the information provided by the various stakeholders in the project is accurate and the rules embedded in the model are correct, BIM should reduce errors and omissions, resulting in aggregate reduction in professional liability and errors and omission claims. Yet, if the assumptions embedded in the computerised model is prove false, then the result would be a costly problem that all concerned should hope to be covered by insurance (Pohl Short 2010 p.1). A few cases of successful use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) approach in real world projects have been reported (Khemlani 2007a, 2007b) that suggest, even if the BIM applications and tools may not have matured fully they are very much usable in their present form and can enhance project collaboration and management in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry well beyond the current state (Brankovic et al. 2007). 3.0 Benefits of adopting BIM The benefits of adopting BIM are staggering, that some are even sounding the warning that those who fail to jump aboard the BIM bandwagon will be quickly left in the dust . Building performance and predictability of outcomes are greatly improved by adopting BIM. An Engineers Australia Queensland Division Task Force 2005 report estimates that 60-90% of all variations are due to poor project design documentation. A BIM is one way of significantly improving design and documentation quality (Scuderi 2007). Stanford University Centre for Integrated Facility Engineering figures which are based on 32 major projects using BIM indicates benefits such as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ A 40% elimination of unbudgeted change à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Cost estimation accuracy within three per cent à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ An 80% reduction in the time taken to generate a cost estimate à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ A saving of 10% of the contract value through clash detection à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ A 7% reduction in project time, and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ A return on investment when using a 3D model of 5 10 times (Scuderi 2007). Other advantages include: 3.1 Visualisation and Design Features Ability to visualise a model before construction begins Eliminates and minimises the number of site related questions due to design errors Provides drawings, cross-sections and details in 3D which better describe complexities and allow images to be rotated for better visualisation BIM can be used as visual timeline to assess progress payments Easy to add information into the model and takes little time to change Once one change is made, all relevant components change automatically, saving time on updating design drawings individually Able to run detailed analysis such as sun shading modelling, thermal properties etc Easy to understand details about the building and individual components 3.2 Conflict Detection Data embedded into the BIM model for each component allows BIM software to identify potential conflicts during the design phase Eliminates/minimises construction errors by detecting problems early Saves time and money which would be previously wasted should an error occur during later stages of construction 3.3 Collaboration Coordination Allows communication between design team/s, engineers and contractors which can increase project efficiencies due to collaboration Remedy the deficient efficiencies early in the design process An increase in collaboration can reduce the number of Request For Information (RFIs) and change order which can shorten construction schedules. Laing ORourke saw a 70% reduction in RFIs on the 123 Albert Street project due to subcontractors being able to view their appropriate trade and solving/answering their own questions themselves (P Nunn 2010, pers. comm., 6 Aug). 3.4 Fabric Efficiency and Estimating Detailed specifications can be extracted directly from a BIM model and sent to a fabricator Saves time and avoids potential errors that could occur when contractors manually extract fabrication data Due to the increased visualisation and data information contained within each object, fabricated components are more likely to fit when delivered (e.g. steel fabrication) therefore reducing construction waste Suppliers can extract material estimates and project schedules directly from a BIM model which can save time and prevent delivery delays 3.5 Data Entry Reduces data entry and computational errors as there is no need to re-enter data or manually extract information from design documents BIM models can compare project components such as building codes and energy efficiency standards 3.6 Life-Cycle Management BIM models can be used throughout the life-cycle of a building Models can be used to determine maintenance requirements and can analyse compatibility and cost-effectiveness as well as providing visual representation of improvements 3.7 Sustainability Design BIM models are able to provide building analysis which allows sustainable rating tools to gain insight into a buildings performance Sustainable features can be incorporated and tested before construction, allowing what if scenarios which quickly evaluate design alternatives Allows the opportunity to make better decisions to iterate on a greener design Schedules of building material quantities can be obtained directly from the model to determine the amount of materials which can be reused, recycled or salvaged Sources for advantages of BIM: (Bakhtar McDonough 2008), (Cranda Katz 2010), (Middlebrooks 2006), (M Ryan 2010. Pers. comm., 8 July), 4.0 Issues that affect the adoption of BIM With any new technology, there is a period of adjustment and learning. There are many different views about BIM and its potential, however the consensus is that it represents a fundamental (some say revolutionary) change in the way a building project design is prepared and implemented (Sieminski 2007). Based on the QUT Research paper from the ICAN Conference in 2007 (Brankovic et al.2007), before greater adoption of BIM, the following issues need to be addressed: 4.1 Version management New technology requires software to be constantly upgraded; this has been an issue for many practitioners. Although most upgraded software allows you to use data generated from earlier versions, many significant changes inhibit these. This means that in order to have all collaborating stakeholders to be working on compatible versions, often compromises have to be made on efficiency (Brankovic et al. 2007). Laing ORourke has initiated various processes to reduce risk from upgrades in software. This involves contracting all collaborating stakeholders to use the same program and upgrading all relevant software before the commencement of their contract (P Nunn 2010, pers. comm., 6 Aug). This process has been implemented in the recent $110 million design and construct contract for a new health centre and common user teaching facility at the Griffith University Gold Coast campus which is set to be one of the first 100% BIM model projects in QLD . 4.2 Organisation and data management As more data is managed and stored electronically, standard practices and procedures need to be in place to deal with data organisation, storage and security. Managing the different versions of the project which relates to compatible set of data from different disciplines at specific stages need to be fixed (Brankovic et al.2007, p.7). While the ability to constantly update the data gives unprecedented flexibility, it also adds to the complexity relating to version management, data explosion and usability (Brankovic et al.2007). Issues exist in Database Management Systems (DMS) in relation to organisational issues for the Architects, Engineers and Contractors (AEC) domain and practitioners which poses a new challenge involving strategic decision making. Stakeholders are also finding that some programs produce a large file size which has led to hardware lagging the software (P Nunn 2010, pers. comm., 6 Aug). 4.3 Program training One of the greatest issues with the adoption of BIM is the training and development of staff and taking the resources off project work to do so (A Bryant 2010, pers. comm., 30 June). In recent years, the architectural industry has received major criticisms of the widening gap of the techniques and methods taught in architecture schools and what is practiced in the field. It is suggested that rather than giving separate introductory session on computational approaches and BIM applications, there is a need for integrating the same in design studios for students which will alleviate the concerns in some sections that believe computational approaches to be inhibiting design creativity (Brankovic et al.2007). 4.4 Cost of adoption The cost of adopting BIM is also an issue. For Revit systems and software, it costs approximately $10,000, plus training and cost of product libraries. The real costs depend on the extent you choose to develop a model. You can develop a simple or well built model which costs a lot more but again, depends on the value and use of the model. However, the benefits include the reduction in waste, ease of design, increase opportunity for sustainability and overall, the process is more efficient. The industry needs to value to outcome (A Gutteridge 2010, pers. comm., 1 July). Large and medium sized firms can afford the luxury of aligning teams to BIM as they would have some supplement workforce at certain points of time. Smaller firms however, would find this difficult to achieve as they would be unable to commit an entire team to BIM software at any given time or even over a period of time . Although the loss of billable hours during training is a concern, the short term productivity paybacks will quickly offset the loss. A recent online survey of Revit customers reported that although there was an average productivity loss of 25-50% during the initial training period, it took most customers only 3-4 months to achieve the same level of productivity using Revit as with the previous design tool. Building on that statistic, the estimated increase in productivity (as a result of migrating to Revit) ranged from 10% to over 100%, with more than half the respondents experienced productivity gains of over 50% and close to 20% experienced productivity gains of over 100% . Due to the large capital cost of training and BIM software, smaller firms may struggle to keep up with the technology. A viable option for small firms would be to seek offshore expertise. Leveraging outside experience and expertise would help them keep their team intact; facilitate better integration of BIM technologies within their business model and save a large amounts of billable hours . 4.5 Security of data Placing data on an integrated database in an electronic format raises security concern amongst the involved stakeholders. Some concerns are related to the following: Network security Intellectual Property (IP) Protection of copyrights These concerns however may be justified and alleviated by greater awareness and legal measures. For example, access should be controlled through secure log-ins with data check-in and check-outs which can be registered for each interaction. Therefore data hosts can manage the data under a contractual agreement with the data owner with the terms and conditions outlined accordingly in the documentation (Brankovic et al.2007). 4.6 Readiness of the tools Examples of the use of BIM approach in practice suggest that in the present state as well there are tools that can significantly improve the work process in the AEC industry documentation (Brankovic et al.2007). However, lack of tools supporting and integrating conceptual design activity has been a major concern (Khemlani 2007a). As more BIM applications are being developed to look at specific aspects of design process and allow integration with each other, the technical support which is bound to improve (Brankovic et al.2007). 4.7 Seamless Integration and standards Due to the various types of tools which have been introduced over the past few years, it is important that there is greater standardisation of processes, terminologies and products, early information exchange between different stakeholders. This will avoid re-work, provide capability to conduct preliminary analysis of project concepts, greater intelligence in tools to air computability of building data as they get more complex, and great automation in construction and fabrication to leverage the benefits of a better and precise model (Brankovic et al.2007). 5.0 Contractual Issues that affect the BIM adoption As BIM technology evolves further, it is apparent that there are a number of legal and contractual issues which warrant careful consideration. Unfortunately, the newness of BIM leaves us with more questions than definitive answers at this present time. For the owner, designer, or contractor participating in a BIM project for the first time, these questions should be carefully weighed, understandings reached and memorialised in appropriate contract document (Haynes 2009). 5.1 There isnt a BIM-specific standard contract form For many, a standardised BIM contract is the most important facet of BIM implementation. A standardised BIM form is recognised as the most logical starting point in the integration of BIM as a standard contracting method. Australia does not currently have a specific stand contract form, therefore contractors, clients and relevant parties must create their own contractual agreements with the relevant stakeholders for each project. 5.2 Ownership Creating an integrated BIM model involves the input of several stakeholders which focus on specific design elements such as mechanical and electrical services and the overall design. Therefore, the difficulty exists with the issue of legal ownership and copyright for instruments of service. Without modification in the underlying contract documents, the normal principle would be that the part that creates the BIM model would retain ownership of and the copyright of the model. This is consistent with the AIA American standard agreements whereby the ownership and copyright is retained by the drafting party, therefore, agrees to license its instruments of services (Haynes 2009). In some cases, owners/clients may insist that the various data and deliverables provided by the design professional be owned by the owner. In Queensland, the most common client who may wish to own the model is Project Services (P Nunn 2010. Pers. comm., 6 Aug). When there are numerous stakeholders involved in the design process, it is important that the intellectual property interests in BIM models and data be clearly addressed up-front by the parties. For example, Laing ORourke may choose to outsource consultants for particular projects; however it is made very clear that Laing ORourke own the copyright. Laing ORourke in Australia, don not have an issue with Intellectual Property (IP) as it is clearly defined in their contract documents (P Nunn 2010. Pers. comm., 6 Aug). 5.3 Standard of Care There is a concern that the universal use of BIM will eventually alter both the standard of care and historical protections afforded to design professional by the doctrine of privity  [1]  . Until recently in America, the doctrine of privity of contract shielded architects and engineers from negligence claims by parties with whom the architect did not have a contract (Sieminski 2007). Many jurisdictions in America now allow claims without privity when it is clear that a contractor reasonably relied upon information that the design professional misrepresented in a context in which the contractor clearly would be relying upon that information (Sieminski 2007). Therefore, contractual issues would become problematic in the future, in that, one of the requirements of the example claim above reasonable reliance may appear to be presumed in a BIM environment. 5.4 Insurance Contracting parties, contract insurers and sureties need more certainty and an accurate gauge of their exposure when writing insurance policies and bonds. While there are many positives about BIM, there are currently too many unknowns for insurers to write BIM policies (Faulkner 2007). Just as BIM technology is evolving, so must the insurance industry evolve to consider whether its current products adequately cover the new risks created by this technology or whether additional instruments are necessary to allow project participants to manage these risks in a prudent manner (Haynes 2009). From the design professionals perspective, it is important to carefully examine the adequacy of their professional liability arising out of negligence of the design professional during the preparation of BIM models. When design professionals assume additional responsibility as a gatekeeper or model manager, then additional risks undertaken and thereby must be covered under the standard professional liability policy. Similarly, when a contractor involved in creating BIM construction models, utilises them for planning, fabrication, estimating or scheduling, the need for professional liability is even more important (Haynes 2009). 5.5 Interoperability One of the largest challenges being actively addressed by technology developers and end-users are the interoperability of existing BIM programs and the creation of multiple accurate models to fulfil specific purposes (Miner Thomson 2006). The term interoperability refers to the ability of various project participants to share and exchange information electronically through the use of different software systems. Due to the different types of design/BIM programs on the market, there are no guarantees that the different software can be used by all stakeholders or work flawlessly together (Haynes 2009). There have been several attempts to standardise the language interfaces of various BIM software, however have not been formalised. In the meantime, however, provisions must be made among parties concerning the consequences of inconsistencies or errors that arise as a result of interoperability. This issue of software compatibility also flows into a concern with remedies for defects in software (Haynes 2009). Up until now there has yet to be a lawsuit based on the use of BIM, however its only a matter of time before misunderstandings or relative risks and responsibilities of parties will be noticed. The use of BIM in the construction process will continue to be affected by the contractual relationship between project participants, the world of litigation and evolution of technology. It is important for those involved to continue to assess the interrelationships of these variables and prepare for more technological advances which are inevitably on the horizon . 6.0 BIM adoption in Australia Vs America 6.1 Uptake of BIM Despite the potential benefits of BIM, its uptake in Australia has been slow (Branksovic et al. 2010). Based on the National Guidelines of Digital Modelling written by the CRC in Australia 2009, slow adoption in the industry exists due to voids which exist in practice as the industry is yet to make full use of the possibilities that new software technologies have provided. There appears to be little multidisciplinary BIM, and very little over the whole building lifecycle (National Guidelines of Digital Modelling, 2009, p.20). According to a recent survey by the American Institute of Architects (AIA), however, America has experienced a 160% increase in use in the main architectural community during 2005 to 2009 (Ireland 2010). The AIA survey also reveals that more than 75% of responding architects reported very heavy or heavy use of BIM technology in their projects in 2009. Were well past the tipping point now, says Markku Allison, resource architect for AIA. At our 2005 convention, the opening plenary session was about BIM, and of the nearly 4,000 architects in the room we got the impression that 85% had never even heard of BIM. Now when we go on the road, everyone knows what BIM is, and the audience can offer up success stories about using BIM (Ireland 2010). However, in Australia it is said that the Architects are against the adoption of BIM due to the large setup costs (P Nunn 2010, pers. comm., 6 Aug). 6.2 Which stakeholders are driving the adoption of BIM? After interviewing a number of industry professionals in Australia, the general consensus was that different stakeholders were driving the adoption of BIM, all for different reasons. Client benefits from BIM through the Facility Management perspective and ongoing building operation Architects Engineers benefit from the speed in design (once the initial design is complete), there is no need to draw sections and details are they are all within the model to start with Builders benefit through the ease of coordination, reduction in buildability issues and the use of clash detection (M Ryan 2010. pers. comm., 8 July). Paul Nunn from Laing ORourke, however, indicated that clients such as Project Services and companies such as Laing ORourke are currently driving the adoption of BIM (P Nunn 2010. pers. comm., 6 Aug). Andrew Gutteridge, and architect from Arkhefield Australia believes that Architects are the ones who need to get to speed first architects have a lot to learn (A Gutteridge 2010. pers. comm., 1 July). On the other hand, Architects currently make up the largest group of user of BIM technology in America (Ireland 2010). In 2008, a SmartMarket Report published by New York-based McGraw-Hill Construction revealed that more than 43% of architects were using BIM on more than 60% of their projects. However, the use of BIM requires more than the adoption of its technology by one group in the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry (Ireland 2010). 6.3 BIM Standard Form Contracts The construction industry is only beginning to catch up with the contractual liability issues that arise from the non-traditional roles played by the various project participants. The American Institute of Architects (AIA) has developed IPD Agreements which include the following contracts: AIA C196-2008 Standard Form of Agreement between Single Purpose Entity Owner or Integrated Project Delivery AIA C197-2008 Standard Form of Agreement between Single Purpose Entity Non-Owner or Integrated Project Delivery These contractual agreements also incorporate a separate Exhibit (AIA Document E202-2008) that might also be used with their other, more traditional contract documents on IPD project using BIM technologies (Pohl Short 2010). In addition to these contractual agreements, the AIA and the new ConsenusDOCs organisation have issued their respective BIM documents which address, at least in a preliminary manner, many of the legal and contractual implications of utilising BIM technology. ConsensusDOCs 301 Building Information Modeling (BIM) Addendum was released by the ConsensusDOCs organization in June 2008. This document is intended as an exhibit to be appended to a standard construction or design agreement, to address certain key legal and contractual questions, and give the parties a platform on which to reach an agreement on how to manage the various risks derived from this technology. ConsensusDOCs 301 was followed later in 2008 by the AIAs issuance of its E-202 Building Information Modeling Protocol exhibit, which like its predecessor outlines a number of practical issues and formulates certain procedures and protocols for the parties to follow with respect to the development of their BIM models. Again, both the CD301 and the E-202 are designed as exhibits to be appended to an existing design or construction services agreement (Haynes 2009). Unlike America, Australia has no standard contract form for the implementation of BIM. However, contractors such as Laing ORourke have established their own in-house protocols which provide detailed information based on the British standards (P Nunn 2010. pers. comm., 6 Aug). In Australia, the Australian Institute of Architects and Building Smart in conjunction with CRC Construction Innovation have produced a National Guidelines for Digital Modelling. The guidelines are readily available; however, not enough people are taking them seriously. The uptake in the industry is increasing, but not fast enough. There are still many misconceptions about BIM and there is a lack of understanding about the value of BIM in the industry (A Butteridge 2010. pers. comm., 1 July). The Queensland Government have vouched to release all government projects in 3D within the next two years (P Nunn 2010. pers. comm., 6 Aug). America is two steps ahead, with five states mandating the use of BIM which has forced the market to adopt and invest in BIM technology. 7.0 Future of BIM Based on the QUT Research paper from the ICAN Conference in 2007 (Brankovic et al.2007), in order for greater adoption of BIM in Australia, the following issues need to be addressed: 7.1 Incentives and drivers Architects, Engineers and Contractors will continue to see the benefits of adopting BIM especially with large projects involving the Government (Project Services). The drive from the Government and clients will provide enough incentives for stakeholders to invest in BIM. A successful adoption of BIM is expected to lengthen the initial design process but reduce the construction cost and time (Brankovic et al.2007). In addition to this, the effort required by the architects and other design disciplines to put in the additional information can be considerably reduced if the commercial vendors have enough incentives to provide country specific product libraries and standards. Such specifications need to be in place to allow a sustained market for BIM applications. This in turn will also facilitate the working of regulatory authorities enabling automatic code checking and building standards (Brankovic et al.2007 p.10). 7.2 Market needs and distribution As previously discussed, small and medium sized firms within the industry will need to decide on when and if their firm will adopt BIM over the next two years. Although the capital costs are high, small f

the time is now :: essays research papers

If... he has committed murder, he must die. In this case, there is no substitute that will satisfy the legal requirements of legal justice.There is no sameness of kind between death and remaining alive even under the most miserable conditions, and consequently there is no equality between crime and the retribution unless the criminal is judicially condemned and put to death." Immanuel Kant. About 2000 men, women, and teenagers currently wait on America's "Death Row." Their time grows shorter as federal and state courts increasingly ratify death penalty laws, allowing executions to proceed at an accelerated rate. It's unlikely that any of these executions will make the front page, having become more and more a matter of routine in the last decade. Indeed, recent public opinion polls show a wide margin of support for the death penalty. But human rights advocates continue to decry the immorality of state-sanctioned killing in the U.S., the only western industrialized country that continues to use the death penalty. Is capital punishment moral? Capital punishment is often defended on the grounds by the government, that society has a moral obligation to protect the safety and the welfare of its citizens. Murderers threaten this safety and welfare. Only by putting murderers to death can society ensure that convicted killers do not kill again. Second, those favoring capital punishment contend that society should support those practices that will bring about the greatest balance of good over evil, and capital punishment is one such practice. Capital punishment benefits society because it may deter violent crime. While it is difficult to produce direct evidence to support this claim since, by definition, those who are

Explore How Steinbeck Presents the Relationship Between George and Lennie

In traditional fairytales, ogres are man eating beasts. The prince usually rescues the princess and they live happily ever after. 18. 10. 10 The main themes in a traditional fairytale are always either based on Romance/Magic & Evil. The main elements always are the antagonist (the bad guy), the protagonist (The good guy) and mainly sometimes the helper. In traditional fairytales the antagonist, the protagonist and the helper are often stereotypical, take Cinderella for example the princess is warm hearted, beautiful, nice and kind.The prince is always often handsome, charming, brave and wealthy The film ‘Shrek’ begins in a traditional way by using the most common phrase ‘Once upon a time’ that gives you an idea that the film has used some traditional phrases. Well you can tell by the opening scene that ‘Shrek’ is different to a traditional fairytale on how it shows Shrek doing his own thing. Shrek is very not like a stereotypical prince. Shrek i s an Ogre which straight away puts a picture in your mind of like a dirty, scary and ugly and also could be the enemy. The music when we first meet Shrek is a contrapuntal sound. It doesn’t really match the things he was doing.For example, when Shrek is in a mud bath. The music gave you a happy/exciting feeling and quite a good/bad impression; it also sets the mood throughout the scene. Shrek threatens the villagers in the film. On this scene you see Shrek as a dangerous monster, which looks ugly and also very angry; with his loud raw he scares away the villagers. The way Shrek acts, it makes out that he is very violent and aggressive and also the he could harm the villagers. In the scene with the villagers, a close up is used to show the detail of Shrek’s face and how large he looks and what he actually looks like close up.I do think Shrek is a stereotypical ogre at this point because he fits with his personality well on how a scary, evil person he sometimes can be. W hen Shrek meets Fiona he drags her out by her arm which is not a prince like thing to do. This shows you Shrek does act like an Ogre. Princess Fiona responds in a shocked way, She thought that Shrek would come in and sweep her of her feet instead he done the opposite and just dragged her out and also he didn’t defeat the dragon which is not like a rescue Princess Fiona expected.The music we hear when we first meet Lord Farquard is non digenetic and also parallel. It matches on how we first see Lord Farquard. When we first hear the music it suggests that Lord Farquard is strong and powerful almost like a stereotypical prince. When Lord Farquard threatens the Ginger Bread man it makes us think this is not how a stereotypical prince would act. Stereotypical princes act sweet and caring and Lord Farquard acts evil, nasty and demanding. Lord Farquard acts disgusted when he finds out Princess Fiona is an ogre.You can tell Lord Farquard is shocked and can’t believe his eyes. The impression Lord Farquard gives the audience is that he is not a stereotypical prince and is more like an evil controlling prince which makes us see his true colours. I think Lord Farquard is not a stereotypical prince because he is not handsome, charming or kind and shows he is only after marrying Princess Fiona to becoming king. Shrek’s swomp is what I think of how an ogre’s home would look like. It’s daunting. a ruin, decayed and grubby.Lord Farquard’s castle is what I’d expect a castle to look like it’s appealing, gigantic, impressive and stylish. Shrek is not like a stereo typical ogre at the end of the film because you see the real side of him which is sweet, caring and loving. ‘Shrek’ is not like a traditional fairytale because every character is not like its stereotypical character. You wouldn’t usually find a princess which becomes an ogre or an ogre that marries a princess also Lord Farquard who you would exp ect to be the protagonist is actually the antagonist.

Advertisements Are Manipulating Or Informing - 989 Words

Advertisements Are Manipulating or Informing Advertisement has taken a significant role in people’s daily lives. With the development of technological devices; it is impossible to escape from the advertisements. People now are surrounded by advertisements everywhere, on the TV screen, newspapers, magazines, and on the internet. Advertisements help people know information about the products and keep track of the new products. However, with all the advertising out there, advertising techniques have changed in several ways to grab the consumers’ attention and to keep the consumer’s loyalty to the product. According to James B. Twitchell’s article, â€Å"What We Are to Advertisers,† Twitchell said, â€Å"The object of advertising is not just to brand parity objects but also to brand consumers as they move through these various communities.† (Twitchell, 182) This describes why many of the advertisements now tend to be more manipulative than to be informative. Many people opposed to the idea that the advertisements are manipulating and they often argued that advertisements increase the consumers’ knowledge about the products. However, there are some evidences that advertisements are manipulating the consumers and influence their decisions by associating the product with feeling, using entertainers, and making the advertisement visually attractive. Firstly, opponents of the idea that advertisements are manipulating claim, that advertisements only provide the consumers with the basicShow MoreRelatedMedia s Impact On The Media895 Words   |  4 Pagescreating subpar programing, creating horse race political news coverage, advertisements boarding the viewers, and creation of viewer mistrust. These issues have been researched and the repercussions vast but most important in all of this is how these issues have effective votes during election season. Jon K. Dalager’s article talks about how candidates can now practically buy votes through pumping the media full of campaign advertisements, newest version of propaganda, and thus making voters believe/feelRead MoreNational Pre Launch Recruitment Campaign Essay2015 Words   |  9 Pagesintention of this advertisement and are they truthfully informing potential recruits of the realities of the U.S. Army? Symbol of Strength- More Than a Uniform (2011) attracts potential U.S. Army recruits by systematically manipulating cognitions and shaping perceptions of the U.S. Army through association with the Uniform; which is propagated to provide strength, intelligence, respect, unity, education, experience, and opportunity for Soldiers. To unveil how this advertisement works as propagandaRead MoreMedia Content Effects on Society1366 Words   |  6 Pagescompletely ignored this story. But now imagine, if the same thing would happened, but the perpetrator was a muslim man. His mug shot would be on every TV screen, every hour.† Economics Advertisement is probably one of the best ways to manipulate costumer to buy something or do something. There are numerous ways of manipulating media consumers’ minds. People always watch TV, listen to radio, read newspapers, and, of course, see plenty of commercials. Television is a very helpful medium in selling productsRead MoreElection Campaign Essay1101 Words   |  5 Pagesturnout among the electorate through the specific implementations of direct voter contact methods such as phone calls, direct mail, and volunteer canvassers as well as maximizing the potential effects of other campaigns tactics such as television advertisement. Such research allows campaigns to identify areas in which limited resources such as capital and time can be allocated to achieve the maximal effect in terms of turnout and ultimately, votes. The research and work that these campaign professionalRead MoreAnalysis Of Tristan Harris s How Technology Has People s Minds- From A Magician And Google s Design Ethicist1614 Words   |  7 Pageswin, no matter what you choose†(Harris, Pg.3). This is exactly what magicians do, they make sure no matter what choice chosen that they are going to win. During this they make the individual feel important or special when really the magician is manipulating the situation. Apps on smartphones do the same thing. How often does the phone holder type an entry in to search and the suggestions are close to what is being asked? Not often, because these apps are manipulated to shape the menu. â€Å" The moreRead MoreThe Standard Of Beauty Portrayed By The Media1951 Words   |  8 Pagestoday. In society, young girls and women are being exposed to various forms of media, which are brainwashing them into believing beautiful women look a certain way. The standard of beauty portrayed by the media is unattainable. The women we see in advertisements are known to have a clear complexion, symmetrical face, and a tiny waist. They are an artificial illustration of women, which appear to have no flaws. But in reality, they have been air-brushed beyond recognition, they look as if they have perfectRead MoreMedias Promotion of Consumerism2347 Words   |  10 Pagestypes of marketing and advertisements from several sources. The persistence and the amount of such persuasive messages have great repercussions in impressionable children. APA studies have reported that under the age of eight, children are less than able to pick up on the message’s persuasive intent. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) gives a daily figure of 3000 advertisements for American children. The art of manipulating opinion by simply entertaining or â€Å"informing† has become one of theRead MoreMedia s Impacts On Adolescent Girls2075 Words   |  9 Pagesbeauty looks like and develop themselves around this image, attempting to fit an unrealistic and objectified standard of beauty and fulfill the expectations of men and society that, in effect, harms their body image. Models in today’s media and advertisements have to fit a certain weight requirement, a figure shown all over the media that has influenced adolescent girls to fit an anemic size. Runway models in fashion magazines and television in the last decade have become increasingly thinner. TheyRead MoreHow Consumerism Changed The City London2342 Words   |  10 PagesMckendrick, Brewer and Plumb (1982) studied the eighteenth century explosion as the trendy use of consumer goods. This was two dynamics that had influenced the advancement of consumerism in Europe. Since its own inception, it is seen as a technique of manipulating the masses. Consumerism was a strategy developed in the USA in order to create a democratic consumer society based on consumption of mass produced possessions. Freud (1920) psychoanalytic theory declared that in order to manipulate the masses,Read MoreMedia And Its Impact On Politics2005 Words   |  9 Pagesfor good stories where the presidential candidates ar e doing something unexpected like that. He and many other people have manipulated social media in this way. Instead of using social media for good by informing people they have abused the system and attack and provoked others instead of informing with facts or good information to back up their beliefs. This is a bad way people are using social media because instead of trying to state their points and explain why they believe our country should be

Ethical Challenge - 619 Words

EARTHWEAR CLOTHIERS MINI-CASE Chapter 19: Ethics Evaluation List at least three alternatives available to Mike? Alternative 1: Mike can eat lost time and only Alex and mike will know. 2. Mike should identify who will primarily be affected by his ethical dilemma (in this case and Dianne).He must reach out to her and explain the situation 3. Mike checks down the actual occured time and simply tells his senior(Alex) about how he was not comfortable with eating time. What are the pros or potential upside of each alternative you listed above? Alternative 1: Dianne may be impressed by him on finishing on time and Mike and Alex may receive good evaluation. 2. Dianne may appreciate Mikes honesty and grant him more time. 3. Alex could†¦show more content†¦It may be tough for Mike. He may receive a bad evaluation for his job which will look very bad on his reputation and his school. However, It will also send a message to the Management that he is an ethical person and can be trusted on ethical dilimmas. The future staff will also benefit from the extra/correct budgeted time. Dianne may not get the promotion however, there will always be more chances to get a promotion. In your opinion, which of Mikes alternative courses of action would provide the best outcome and why? I believe Mike should write down the actual time occurred on the time sheet. It would be best for the firm and Mikes reputation. When Mike writes down the actual time even though he was pressured not to do so; it shows about his character and his ethical will power. This characteristic of his will lead him to become a very good Auditor in the future. How would you handle the ethical issues involved in this situation? I would write down the actual occurred time on the cash deposits; and explain to Alex that I felt uncomfortable about eating time. If situation plays out, I will try to talk to Dianne to explain her the situation and apologize for the mistake I made. I will assure her that next time I will be more competent onShow MoreRelatedEthical And Ethical Challenges Of Organizations1536 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"A major problem we identify in business is that organisations are designed as profit making mechanisms and have no interest in the good of society† (Bartlett Preston, 2000). Companies always want to have an ethical advantage over other companies but only for the profit. With globalisation and technological advances, it can put a stress on some companies as they always need profit and market share to be successful and grow. â€Å"Individual managers (tone at the top) play an essential role making sureRead MoreThe Challenge of Ethical Behavior823 Words   |  4 PagesThe Challenge of Ethical Behavior in Other Countries The requirements of day-to-day organizational performance are so compelling that there is little time or inclination to divert attention to the moral content of organizational decision-making. Morality appears to be so obscure in nature that it lacks substantive relation to performance. An effective organizational culture should encourage ethical behavior and discourage unethical behavior. Unfortunately, ethical behavior may end up costingRead MoreEthical Challenges Of Ethical Business Practices Essay1517 Words   |  7 PagesEthics There are many challenges of ethical business practices in a non-ethical world. While some businesses do well, and are considered ethical there are some businesses that are highly questionable. As one can see through the news media some companies are so unethical, congress gets involved. Ethics are complicated enough for an individual, however, in a corporate setting the stakeholders are hoping for the multitude of people to share the same values in order for an organization to function properlyRead MoreEthical Challenges Of Tobacco Advertisements1170 Words   |  5 PagesETHICAL CHALLENGES OF TOBACCO ADVERTISEMENTS 1 Ethical Challenges of Banning Indian Tobacco Advertisements Poitier Stringer University of the People ETHICAL CHALLENGES OF TOBACCO ADVERTISEMENTS 2 Ethical Challenges of Banning Indian Tobacco Advertisements The tobacco industry has long presented ethical challenges for governments that are tasked with looking after the public good. Tobacco producers have provided significant revenue for many economies, yet they specialize in the manufacturing and distributionRead MorePreparing for Ethical Challenges Essay776 Words   |  4 PagesPreparing For Ethical Challenges A survey by the Josephson Institute of Ethics polled more than 20,000 middle and high school students about moral standards. Almost half of these students reported stealing something from a store in the previous 12 months. In the same period, seven out of 10 cheated on an exam. There is more and more evidence of antisocial behavior than ever among our youth. Even our most academically talented students tend to let personal interest triumph over the common goodRead MoreEthical Challenges Of International Business1147 Words   |  5 PagesIndividual Response to Ethical Challenges of International Business. The International Business as a whole has this debate on ethics and it is not a surprise, we are interacting with people with completely different views, morals, and values. Each business that is present in an international setting, will be conducting international operations and they have domestic, foreign, or global ethical practices that differ from others, resulting in ethical dilemmas. Being exposed to that, I will always putRead MoreEthical Challenges Within The Workplace1119 Words   |  5 PagesEthical challenges happen anywhere in a work place, but managers often deal with ethical issues the most. Managers have to worry about their employee’s actions and also their own. In the business world today, there are more rules and regulations to follow to keep the professionalism. When employees or even the boss go against the rules and regulations set, it could lead to dismissal from the business. In this paper, there will be examples of what the IMA expect from companies. People often do notRead MoreEthical Challenges Faced By Ibm1010 Words   |  5 PagesA technological company can be faced with various kinds of moral challenges. Usually all companies have the responsibility to provide services on behalf of other companies or clients. It may be reasonable that any unethical decision or approaches made by a company is being represented by some other firms. In the case of IBM, the IBM Company is best known for developing computer systems, hardware, software, and infrastructure. Founded in 1911, the company remains well known as one of the most popularRead MoreThe Ethical Challenges of Professional Practice1949 Words   |  8 PagesThe Ethical Challenges of Professional Practice Prepared by: Malgorzata Delimat Introduction In recent months, a sense of chaos has prevailed in Ireland. Scandals, which emerged in banking sector, have done horrendous damage to credibility of accountancy profession and reputation of Irish financial system. In these difficult times, it is very important to understand what the ethical challenges of accountancy profession are. As professionals, accountantsRead MoreEthical Challenges Case Study : Volkswagen Ethical Scandal936 Words   |  4 Pages Ethical Challenges Case Study Volkswagen Ethical scandal Managing Organizations and Teams MANA – 6372 – 01 For Professor Gerald Burns By Venu.Velpula Dallas Baptist University Feb 1, 2017 Definition: The word Ethics is defined as a system of moral principles. They affect how people Make decisions and lead their lives. Though the ethical dilemmas face by certain companies may be specific to their industry or company

Pact Between Faustus and Mephistopheles Essay - 1608 Words

The pact that Doctor John Faustus makes with Mephistopheles is generally viewed as a standard business transaction. Mephistopheles wants Faustus’ soul and Faustus wants power and knowledge, The play begins with Faustus’ cycling through different books of study, and for each, he gives a reason why not to study it. Until he reaches a book of magic. â€Å"These metaphysics of magicians are heavenly (ironic);†¦ these are those that Faustus most desires. What a world of profit and delight, of power, of honor, and of omnipotence, is promised to the studious artisan!.. A sound magician is a mighty god. Here Faustus, try thy brain to gain a diety.† Based on these thoughts, Faustus conjures up Mephistopheles and makes his offer. so the two strike†¦show more content†¦If thou deny it, I will back to hell.† (2.1.34-37). Faustus writes in the deed that he is selling his soul to Lucifer in exchange for twenty-four years of Mephistopheles’ s ervices. Once the contract is signed, however, neither Faustus nor Mephistopheles instantaneously achieves what he sought after. Faustus never seems to take his end of the deal seriously, even after he is convinced that Hell actually does exist, and Mephistopheles does not follow through on his part of the contract either. Faustus is refused an answer to his philosophical questions because Mephistopheles refuses to acknowledge God’s accomplishments. Faustus often tries to repent and Mephistopheles is always right there to make him reconsider repentance. The Good Angel and the Old Man also attempt to convince Faustus to repent long after the contract is signed. Had the deal been genuine the concept of repentance would not have been introduced because Faustus’ soul would have already sold to Lucifer. John D. Cox touches on the apparent lack of authority in the pact in his article â€Å"The Devil and the Sacred in English Drama†. He writes, â€Å"The bargain thus appears to be another demonic feint, as the Good Angel and the Old Man suggest in their assurance of divine mercy long after Faustus has signed† (264). If Faustus’ soul was already signed over to Lucifer, the Good Angel andShow MoreRelatedA Divided Self: The Many Facets of Faustus2074 Words   |  9 Pagesman, Marlowe’s character Faustus turns to the only remaining school of thought that he feels he must master which is the art of necromancy. In his pursuits, he manages to summon the devil Mephistopheles, arch demon of hell, and strikes a deal to trade his immortal soul with Lucifer in exchange for being granted an infinite amount of power and knowledge that extends even beyond the limits of human understanding. However in the process of negotiating the terms of his pact, it becomes clear t hat FaustRead MoreComparing Dr. Faustus And Marlowe And Mamet983 Words   |  4 Pagesdangerous pact with the devil. Interpretations of this story range from classical music and opera to paintings and cartoons. From Goethe to Radiohead, Dr. Faustus’ thirst for knowledge and the chaos this desire produces have captivated artists of all disciplines. This paper will examine two theatrical depictions of this myth. A little more than 400 years separate the original productions of Christopher Marlowe’s The Tragic History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus and David Mamet’s Faustus, but bothRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Doctor Faustus1856 Words   |  8 PagesThe story of Doctor Faustus is one of a man who is not great in the traditional, tragical sense but great of mind, an intellectual. Faustus makes a pact with the devil, mistaking Hell for Heaven and mistakenly believing himself to be reprobate. With this unholy pact Faustus chases after power but with each attempt h e sinks lower and lower, eventually succumbing to base desire. Faustus ends his 24 years with an attempt to repent however he is dragged to Hell and the play then ends with a caution fromRead MoreDr. Faustus As Morality Play1443 Words   |  6 PagesIn order to determine whether Dr. Faustus is a morality play or tragedy, two aspects must be considered. Firstly, it must be decided whether Dr. Faustus is a morality play or not. In an attempt to categorize the play, the play s form, content and subject matter will be discussed. There is alternative argument that states the play is in fact a tragedy. Secondly, does this supposed morality play have a moral? In order to answer this question, the tone of certain parts of the play will be analyzedRead MoreChristian Tradition and Non-Christian Tradition are Two Magical Traditions in Marlowes Faust1535 Words   |  6 Pagesengaging in adventures and magical exploits, and trafficking with the greatest of evils. Many view the Faust tradition from the perspective of magus literature. Their searches for Faust’s beginnings often turn up magicians. The historical Johann Faustus, a sixteenth-century charlatan who wandered across Germany, who exercised a minimum of pharmaceutical knowledge†¦with a maximum amount of malice,† was himself a magician. E. M. Butler, in The Myth of the Magus, links Faust with a broad number ofRead MoreFaustus as a Medieval Morality Play1603 Words   |  7 PagesFaustus as a Medieval Morality Play By K.Friedman Christopher Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus has been influenced by the conventions of a Medieval Morality play through Marlowe’s purely didactic use of the text to encourage Christian values. He uses various dramatised moral allegories that together encompass the themes of divided nature of man allegorised through the good and bad angels that demonstrate virtue and vice, alongside the concept of sin and degradation allegorised by the Seven Deadly SinsRead MoreClose Reading of Dr. Faustus1215 Words   |  5 PagesPaper 1: Evaluation of Faustus’s internal conflict Faust.  Ã‚  My heart’s so hard’ned I cannot repent. |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  20 | Scarce can I name salvation, faith, or heaven, | | But fearful echoes thunder in mine ears | | â€Å"Faustus, thou art damn’d!† Then swords and knives, | | Poison, gun, halters, and envenom’d steel | | Are laid before me to despatch myself, |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  25 | And long ere this I should have slain myself, | | Had not sweet pleasure conquer’d deep despair. | | Have I notRead MoreDr. Faustus Is a Morality Play Without a Moral. Discuss.2775 Words   |  12 PagesIn forming an answer to this question there are two aspects which must be considered. Firstly we must decide whether Dr Faustus is a morality play; I will do this by discussing the play s form, content and subject matter in an attempt to categorise the play. I will also offer an alternative argument by saying that the play is in fact a tragedy. Secondly we must decide whether or not it has a moral; to do this I will consider the tone of certain parts of the play, in particular the Chorus speechesRead MoreJohann Wolfgang von Goethe and Faust Essay1029 Words   |  5 Pagestell you...† (Goethe Line 72) The bet between the spiritual beings were whether Faust: the lone-representative of all humanity, will be able to shoulder the weight of good and evil; nevertheless, how huge the temptation of personal gain. In a sense, I acquired that the Lord’s view of humanity is: imp erfection isn’t absolute and man’s potential for the greater good can be refined. As the poem continues, Faust has found himself in the presence of Mephistopheles. â€Å"I had ideas too big for me, your level’sRead More Historical References to Faust Essay1693 Words   |  7 Pagesdescribes and represents the heavens, Gabriel the earth, and Michael the elements.  · Mephistopheles.Goethe’s devil is inspired by a number of different literary sources, not just Christian.  · The basic structure of the dialogue between the Lord and Mephistopheles is inspired by the first two chapters of The book of Job, in which Satan obtains permission from God to try and tempt Job to do evil.  · Faust. The real Georg (or Johann) Faust was born in 1480 and died in 1540. Although contemporary

Blink-182 - Blink-182 free essay sample

As my senior year comes to a close, I routinely find myself drowning in spells of nostalgia and reminiscing on experiences of years past. I remember playing in the snow, procrastinating over homework, hanging out with friends. But I mostly remember the music that helped form my impressionable mind. When I was young, my dad sang me the songs of James Taylor, while my mom and I belted out the ballads of Tina Turner on the way home from school. As an elementary school student, I became obsessed with the pop craze, and melted when I heard my favorite Backstreet Boy. This all changed in middle school when I found my â€Å"edge,† or at least what I thought to be edgy – the music of Blink-182. This band exuded the teen angst I thought I ought to be experiencing. They were the epitome of cool. They were not afraid to be humorous as they led the forefront of a teenage rebellion. We will write a custom essay sample on Blink-182 Blink-182 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Blink-182 released their self-titled album in 2003, and I was fortunate to buy it, thanks to a gift card. â€Å"Blink-182† became the soundtrack of my final year of middle school. I was an eighth grader growing up to the sophisticated sounds of what bassist Mark Hoppus called a â€Å"self-meditation on romantic decay,† and I felt smarter for being able to recite that description on cue. No longer did Blink-182 sing of hot dogs and first dates, but instead serenaded the masses with a refined pop-punk sound that was a refreshing surprise to dedicated fans. The first single released, and the first song on the album, â€Å"Feeling This,† sets the tone with its head-banging drums and heart-gripping lyrics. The next two, â€Å"Obvious† and â€Å"I Miss You,† have a mysterious quality that further reflects the band’s new attitude about love, life, and music. There is a solid meaning and purpose behind every chord, every note, and every word. Between the fourth and fifth tracks on the album, a letter is read that Mark Hoppus’ grandfather wrote to his wife during World War II. It brings a tear to the listener’s eye as it describes his unconditional love during the most terrible of circumstances. The remaining tracks encourage listeners to take a new outlook and to see life from a new perspective. Blink-182’s final album (before their â€Å"indefinite hiatus†) was released in 2005, and is something that the band can be proud of as an end note to over a decade of success. Its new-age, sophisticated feel is something that will remain revolutionary and proves that a band can stay true to themselves and their music while growing up and growing apart. This band reinvented themselves for this album, and their efforts are deemed immortal as â€Å"Blink-182† will forever play as the background music to many souls who were touched by this legendary band.